The Importance Of Organizational Movement Towards High End...

Key issues: In the article, â€Å"Redesigning Knowledge Work† authors Dewhurst, Hancock, and Ellsworth mentions the importance of organizational movement towards high-end knowledge work. They highlight the importance by emphasizing on this strategic approach to management as the most important factor for organizations by following four major steps to achieve the goal of high-end knowledge work. The four major steps outlined in the article are following: 1. Identify the Skills Gap 2. Analyze How Skills are Used 3. Redefine Jobs 4. Rewire Processes for Talent and Knowledge Management Analysis: The article begins with mentioning a historical background to job design. The historical approach to job design is the Classic Job Design, with a focus on job specialization and division of labor. There are advantages and disadvantages of this focus on job specialization. Some of the advantages include, unique skill and knowledge set, focus and efficiency within an organization and some disadvantages are redundancy and job burnout. Another approach to job design heighted in the article is behavioral job design. The article states that usage of this approach has resulted in greater job satisfaction, as this approach focuses on individual characteristics. Main focus of â€Å"Redesigning Knowledge Work† is on a plan that an organization can implement in order to increase productivity and efficiency while maintaining high quality and job satisfaction. However, there are some steps that organizationsShow MoreRelatedHofstede s Five Dimensions Of Culture Essay1743 Words   |  7 Pa gesexpect that power is distributed unequally.(G. Hofstede 1980) Individualism vs. collectivism (IDV) – Behavior towards community. The degree to which individuals are integrated into groups or are expected to look after themselves and self-actualize.(G. 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The Conflict Between Islam And Secular State And Islam

For Kazakhstan where the majority of the population is Muslims, harmonious relations between the secular nature of the state and the religion of Islam are an important precondition for the conservation of the national consent, political and moral integrity and, thus, prevent conflicts in religious basis. Therefore, finding a successful formula for relations between Islam and secular authorities, and after twenty years of independence, has a serious intellectual, theoretical and practical challenge for all parties, including Europe. Furthermore, it should be emphasized that the problem of harmonic Organization of relations between the secular state and Islam cannot be a one-sided approach, in terms of the fight against terrorism. Rather, it is part of the harmonization process, transformation and formation of a national government of Kazakhstan. 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Management and Organizational Behavior Some Basic Aspects

Question: Discuss: What provision of the law was at issue? Briefly state the facts of the case. What legal tests were applied? Were there any unusual elements in the case? Answer: Identification of the article: The article named as Management and Organizational Behavior. Some Basic Aspects has been selected from the Journal of Defense Resources Management. Summary of the article: The report has found that experience has shown that it is highly important to focus more on the organizational behavior. Moreover, it has been observed that this demands the administrators to get readily recognizable with quite a few communal as well as psychosomatic methodical regulations that can help them to respond all the queries connected to the company and the managerial attitude on the behavior of the managers as well as workers. Apart from that, organizational behavior concentrates on the difference of the individuals in between the people of the organization and their substantial impact on fulfilling the objectives of the organization (Nekoranec, 2013). Critique: The article has significantly explained the relationship between the employees of an organization with relation to the organizational culture along with the functioning of the working teams, communication. The most important part of this article is that the analysis and interpretation of the organizational behavior must become one of the major areas of the training of the managers so that the managers can explain as well as predict the behavior of the people in their organization (Alvesson, 2012). Moreover, it has been found that to understand the entire article easily, some parts of organizational behavior have been given extra importance such as organizational behavior, management, effective communication and the corporate culture (Nekoranec, 2013). Article 2: P. Bandura, R., Johnson, R., R. Lyons, P. (2014). Voluntary helpful organizational behavior: Recognition of individual attributes.European Journal of Training and Development,38(7), 610-627. Identification of the Article: The article named as Voluntary helpful organizational behavior: Recognition of Individual attributes has been taken from European Journal of Training and Development. Summary of the Article: The aim of this section is to scrutinize the employee-helpful activities that are charitable as well as given liberally without the expectation of the recompense and acknowledgment. It has been seen that the author of this article has tagged this charitable behavior as important as an important aspect which is helpful organizational behavior. To carry on the entire study, the author has examined the present theory as well as offered a detailed empirical study to identify some means of assessing employee predisposition towards helpful as well as voluntary behavior on the job. However, this research work has used some of the important aspects of the organizational behavior and these are contextual performance, the predisposition of the employees and helpful employee behavior (Bandura, Johnson Lyons, 2014). Critique: After going through the entire study, it can be said that this study has successfully identified the regression equation that uses the variables that help to predict one's predisposition towards the valued behavior. This research work is different from others, as this research work has spoken directly to the practitioners (Pettigrew, 2014). However, it can be said that the definition and explanation have clearly explained and demonstrated the practical features of the contextual performance. Therefore, this particular article has been analyzed as this has discussed some of the important features of organizational behavior (Bandura, Johnson Lyons, 2014). References Alvesson, M. (2012).Understanding organizational culture. Sage. Nekoranec, J. (2013). MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOUR. SOME BASIC ASPECTS.Journal of Defense Resources Management (JoDRM), (01), 93-98. P. Bandura, R., Johnson, R., R. Lyons, P. (2014). Voluntary helpful organizational behavior: Recognition of individual attributes.European Journal of Training and Development,38(7), 610-627. Pettigrew, A. M. (2014).The politics of organizational decision-making. Routledge.

Analysis of the Role of Employee Engagement †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Analysis of the Role of Employee Engagement. Answer: Introduction For every business, irrespective of the industry in which it has its operations, labor is something, which holds major significance. This is due to the fact that work of any organization is performed by the labor, be it a small task of shifting a material, or the big tasks involving high skills. This is the reason why the study of any labor market becomes more important. The labor market is highlighted affected by the trends in the international markets. In this regard, there is also to understand the contemporary developments in the involvement and participation of the employees, along with gaining an understanding about the different forms of conflict behavior and the effective way of dispute resolution. In the following parts, a discussion has been carried, which covers these different aspects with an emphasis on the labor markets of Qatar and the business of Nandos restaurant in Qatar. Labor Market of Qatar The labor market of Qatar has been comparatively preserved from the economic crisis which took place recently, all thanks to the oil and gas resources which the nation has. The nation has a thriving economy and it is increasingly becoming the destination of choice for the expatriates. And due to this, a high number of new immigrants are making a shift towards Qatar and this number is rising steadily. There are different job opportunities for the expats in the nation, particularly in banking, trade, construction, and oil and gas industries (Expat, 2017). When an individual has to work in Qatar, there is a need for signing a customary work contract, in the proper form, which clearly provides the salary and the working hours. It is compulsorily written in Arabic and can be accompanied with a proper translation. Where there is a dispute between the two, the Arabic version prevails. There is applicability of a probationary period for all the jobs. The Rights of the workers are respected and properly regulated in the nation. The Women can work without any kind of restrictions in the nation. Though, the professional sectors are usually reserved for the women, for instance, education, secretarial and nursing. Further, a dress code is usually applicable on them, for instance legs covered, no skirts and long sleeves. There is no minimum wage in the nation and the exemptions from income tax are quite attractive. There is also alaw on the working time, which is set at 48 hours for every week. And during the summer time, the working hours are st rictly regulated. The workers are given two days of paid holidays for each year and this is a minimum requirement (Expat, 2017). Doha has the highest population in the nation and 47% of the inhabitants of the nation live there. The labor force of women for 2011 in the nation was 12.3% of the overall labor force, whilst the semi-skilled and unskilled workers contribute to 75% of the total foreign workforce in the nation. So the economic activity for women have improved majorly in the nation and for 2010, they formed 36.6% of the total labor force (Toumi, 2011). The expatriates form 94% of the labor market of the nation and the total workforce of the nation is at 1.3 million. The labor market is increasing in construction sector and is the biggest employer amongst all of the economic sectors in the nation (Soman, 2013). This is due to the fact that the nation has started making the required development projects for the FIFA World Cup 2022 and a need for a higher number of foreign workers has been identified (Bel-Air, 2014). The demarcation in the labor market of the nation has been represented through the image below. Recent Changes One of the major changes which took place in the labor market of Qatar in the past five years includes the abolition of the kafala for the foreign workers which came into force in December 2016 (Gulf Times, 2016). Thislaw which reforms the rules surrounding oversees exit visas and the work contracts in the nation was published in the official gazette of the nation (Kemp, 2016). These changes were reported in the Arabic language Al Sharq and came on application after 14 months of being approved. Through this reform, the foreign workers who wish to leave the nation can apply to the interior ministry for the permission for leaving up to 72 hours before. In case this permission is denied at first, the employees can apply to leave and later on filed a complaint to the grievance committee which has been formed under the new law (Gulf News, 2015). Before this law, an exit visa was required to be attained by the workers which had to be approved by their sponsors for leaving the nation. Through these changes the foreign workers would be able to switch jobs easily when the fixed term contract is brought to an end. Under the previous system, the workers who wanted to leave their job, at the contract end were required to wait for a period of 2 years for returning to the nation to take a new position, even when the old employer objected to their new job (Gulf News, 2015). The rationale behind announcing these reforms stems from the high-profile international campaign which was undertaken by the critics in thelabor laws of the nation which are set to host the 2022 Football World Cup. Qatar was faced with stern criticism from these right groups for their slow progress in reform. This new reform would make things easy for the two million foreigners who contribute to 90% of the population of the nation. By 2020, the number of foreign workers in the nation is set to reach 2.5 million, owing to the major infrastructure projects taken in a direct or indirect manner for the Football World Cup 2022 (Gulf News, 2015). In the past five years, i.e., in the period of 2011-2016, Qatar lacked the information and research which are crucial for decision making and effective policy making for the labor market. There is an absence of a single data source which could consolidate the diversified information of the labor market and this makes it difficult for the stakeholders to assess the relevant data. Due to these reasons, a need was identified by the National Development Strategy to link the databases so that between information can be used for labor market policies and a coordination can be attained for improving the labor market policies of Qatar. Through such a comprehensive labor market information system would help in building and strengthening of the capacity of the key market stakeholders through which, the labor market efficiency can be enhanced (Gulf Times, 2011). Effective Employee Involvement and Participation The involvement and participation of the employees in any nation and for any organization is a major aspect as it provides the opportunities to the employees to take part in the decisions which affect their work in the job being done by them. This participation can be direct participation or indirect participation. The employee involvement relates to the employees capacity to influence the decisions as single individuals instead of the same being made through representatives. Through employee involvement, an environment is created in which the decision of the people is impact other and the actions of such individuals affect their jobs (Durn and Corral, 2016). So, through employee involvement, the employees are consulted and informed regarding the decision making aspects and through employee participation, the employees are involved in the decision making machinery of any company. Through effective involvement and participation of the employees, the traditional and psychological exchange between the organization and its employees can be enhanced. This is due to the fact that when the employees are engaged and made to participate in the decision making of the company, they are able to put forward their view for the best interest of the company and through which, the company can attain growth (Crawshaw, Budhwar and Davis, 2014). For instance, Nandos restaurant Qatar focuses highly on its employees and does indulge in employee involvement and employee participation. Through employment involvement, the employees are made to understand the key goals of the company, along with the significance of these. Further, a plan is presented to the employee, which is set by the management as an attempt towards making the employees committed towards their work. The company is also engaged in employee participation so as to focus the employees as groups in the organization and focusing on the different viewpoints. The employees are given the opportunity to participate in the decision making and the policies of employee participation are carried through representative methods (Foot and Hook, 2008). Through such representations, the traditional and psychological exchange is strengthened. This can be best demonstrated in the company, i.e., Nandos restaurant Qatar. Traditionally the company works at serving its specialty dish, the peri-peri chicken (Nandos, 2017). But owing to the craze around the 2022 football world cup, the company can gear up on the advice of its employees, to prepare for the 2022 football world cup by coming up with customized offers and taking the other advice of the employees. There is a key reason to state the traditional and psychological exchange between the employee and the organization is strengthened through employee participation and involvement. This is due to the fact that that the Medina Centrale at the Pearl Qatar is witnessing a huge increase in the footfall of visitors. Due to this reasons, a number of new restaurants and retail outlets are being opened up. One of these restaurants include Nandos, along with the other famous ones like Sammach, and American T.G.I. Fridays Fatburger (Welcome Qatar, 2015). This is a prime location for the families residing in the region and for the ones who travel to Qatar for business and leisure. This footfall is set to be raised with the coming 2022 football world cup which would see the rise in footfall of visitors being multiplied (Willock, 2016). This opens up both threat and opportunity for Nandos restaurant Qatar. The opportunity lies in gaining the most out of the upcoming rise in footfall; and the threat lies in the rising number of competitors who would want to tap on this increased footfall. And the employee participation and involvement can help the company manifolds. This is because when the employee participation and involvement is attained, the employees are motivated towards working for the company. This is because by being involved in the decision making of the company, the goals of the employees and organization are unified and the employees take extra efforts towards attaining these (Russell and Russell, 2010). An important concept which plays a key role in the effectively catering with employees of a company is union and nonunion form of employee representation. Unions are not just work for the employees, but they also help the employers by minimizing the turnover ratio and helps in bringing down the costs of hiring and training which are associated with the new employees. The members are encouraged to be a part of the social welfare society and take the advantages of it. There is also a non-union form of representation. The key difference between the two is the joint consultation which takes place between the employees and the management. Both these type of types help the company in promoting and supporting the work towards the betterment of employees. And by indulging in such activities, steps are taken towards employee engagement and involvement (Kersley, Alpin and Forth, 2013). Employee participation and involvement motivates the employees internally as a sense of belongingness is created amongst the employees. The employees feel committed towards the goals of the organization and this also gives away with the need of constant monitoring of the employees (DesJardins and McCall, 2014). So, instead of making the responsibility of Nandos restaurant Qatar to tap on the opportunity which is presented with the football world cup, the employees, through participation and commitment would take the responsibility upon themselves to be the best. When the need of the organization to tell its employees to work towards the growth of the company is eliminated, the need to indulge in channels of traditional and psychological exchange is automatically strengthened. This is because the motives of both the employees and the organization are aligned. Also, with the recent changes in the labor laws, the issues which were earlier faced by the foreign workers, has been eliminate d, which has inculcated a sense of belongingness, even in them (O'Toole and Mayer, 2013). This is in particular reference to the abolition of the kafala for the foreign workers. Hence, it can be aptly stated that effective employee involvement and participation strengthens both the traditional and psychological exchange between an organization and its employees (BBC, 2016). Recent Trends in Industrial Action A workplace is a place where the people interact in regular manner and this often leads to conflicts and disputes due to the difference in views of the labor. This could be individual conflict, which takes place between the employees or an employee and the organization; or it could be a collective conflict, where groups of employees are in conflict with themselves or the groups of employees are in conflict with the organization. This necessitates the adoption of different kinds of conflict behavior and dispute resolution. The recent trends in industrial action also have a unique role in the approaches and skills which are required to effectively manage such conflicts and disputes. One of the recent industrial changes in Qatar was the abolition of the kafala system. Through the changes brought through this system, the improvement in the working environment has been anticipated due to efficiency as one aspect and the end of illegal practices of selling of visa and the prevention of bogus companies from making a misuse of the visa laws, as another aspect (Kemp, 2016). Amongst the major change is the abolishing of the two year ban which was earlier imposed on the expatriates, who have the intention of coming back to the nation by taking a new visa. The previous requirement was to attain a no-objection certificate from the previous employer in order for an ex resident to get a new job in the nation. Though, this sponsorship system has been abolished through the new legislation and allows the expats employment and stay based entirely on the contract where the contract is signed by the foreign worker before they land in the nation (Kemp, 2016). The need for abolishing this system stemmed from the conflicts which were caused due to this. Due to the employee needing a no objection certificate, often they faced friction from their previous employers in being given this document. This led to difficulty on part of the employees to shift from one company to another and thus, resulting in a conflict between the employee and the company. Also, conflicts took place between two companies when the issues revolved around transferring of sponsorship from one company to another (Scott, 2014). A conflict not only results in friction between the employees, but also reduces the efficiency of the company as a whole. This makes it crucial for the companies to take needful steps in managing the individual and collective conflicts and also to deal with the disputes taking place within the organization. By taking certain steps in this regard, the conflicts at workplace can be eradicated (Raines, 2012). Some of these have been stated below. The first and the foremost manner to resolve a dispute is to listen to the issues being failed by the employee to understand the key issue behind the entire conflict. There is no need to take stands or believe in what is being told, but to simply listen so that the required steps for dealing with the issue, in an effective manner, can be undertaken (Roche, Teague and Colvin, 2014). There is also a need to gather the group and arrange of meeting between the parties who are in conflict so that the issue can be discussed. In such meetings, chance can be given to the employees to speak about their issues and for the other side to present counter claims. However, care has to be taken that the parties do not indulged in heated arguments at such meetings and try to take steps towards resolution of the conflict. So, there is a need to tell the parties that the problem has to be attacked and not the individual with whom the problem is. Mediating a conflict is a very challenging task and so, the task of the mediator becomes all the more significant (Doherty and Guyler, 2008). A key point is to never be partial towards any of the parties in the conflict. So, opinions of a particular side cannot be favored over the other. Only by considering the issues and points of both the sides, can the solution be attained (Bisk, 2017). Conflict resolution has to be taken at the earliest as any delay in solving the issue can escalate it. However, this does not mean that conflict resolution is to be hurried whereby the situation is not properly considered (Bisk, 2017). There is a need to understand that ignorance of conflict would only spiral it and not resolve it. And it can further propagate disagreements and conflicts (Heathfield, 2016). There is a need to promote teamwork, team engagement and work towards promoting the sense of unity in the team. In this regard, there is a need to motivate the employees and to inculcate in them, a view that through effective teamwork, the projects can be successfully completed (Bisk, 2017). The power of motivation and encouragement has to be used to deal with conflicting situation by modeling cooperation and teamwork (Bisk, 2017). A standard form of resolving the disputes can be found in the different forms of alternate dispute resolution. This is the most successful manner of resolving the dispute, without having to go for a litigation, i.e., in court trial to solve the issue. The three key forms of alternate dispute resolution include arbitration, conciliation and mediation. The crux is the same in all these forms, where a third party is elected by the disputing parties, who listen to both the sides and makes a decision, which is suitable for both the parties. The entire proceeding under these form remain private and confidential, and results in timely solution to the dispute (Nolan-Haley, 2013). Even though the theme of conciliation, mediation and arbitration is the same, there are quite a few differences in the three dispute resolution methods. The main difference between these three can be found in the fact that the arbitration award is binding on the parties, whereas the decision given in mediation and conciliation, is not binding, till the same is enforced by a court order. Further, for using arbitration, it is important that the same is provided under the contract. Also, the proceedings under arbitration are almost court like, whereas the same is not the case in the other two methods (Surbhi, 2016). Even though mediation and conciliation are two words used interchangeably, but under dispute resolution, these differ. Conciliation is a comparatively formal method in comparison to mediation. A conciliator is an expert in the field where an attempt is made to adjudicate the matter, whereas the mediator is just an expert in communication and negotiation (Difference Between, 2012). Conclusion The discussion carried in the preceding parts highlighted the significance of labor for every company. The contribution of labor to the organization is something which makes or breaks the company. Hence, the companies indulge in motivational activities and also adopt the techniques where employee engagement and involvement is promoted. This helps in unifying the goals of the employee and the companies, as the employees are involved in the decision making of the company and take steps towards the betterment of the company. The discussion also highlighted the present condition of the labor market in Qatar and the prominent changes made in the recent times in the industries of the nation. The most significant in this was the abolition of kafala system, the reason of which is given to the offered critics for the labor laws of the nation, which are set to host the 2022 Football World Cup. This has helped the foreign workers as the issues which they faced under the earlier regime have now been abolished. Also, the discussion highlighted how Qatar is gearing up for this event and this presents a unique opportunity for Nandos restaurant Qatar to increase its profits and grow by tapping on the increased footfall with this event. References BBC. (2016) Qatar abolishes controversial 'kafala' labour system. [Online] BBC. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38298393 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Bel-Air, F.D. (2014) Demography, Migration, and Labour Market in Qatar. [Online] Gulf Research Centre. Available from: https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/32431/GLMM_ExpNote_08-2014.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Bisk. (2017) 6 Simple Workplace Conflict Resolution Techniques. [Online] University of Norte Dame. Available from: https://www.notredameonline.com/resources/negotiations/6-simple-workplace-conflict-resolution-techniques/#.WZv7Vz4jHIU [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Crawshaw, J., Budhwar, P., and Davis, A. (2014) Human Resource Management: Strategic and International Perspectives. London: Sage Publications Ltd. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J. (2014) Contemporary Issues in Business Ethics. 6th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Difference Between. (2012) Difference Between Conciliation and Mediation. [Online] Difference Between. Available from: https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-conciliation-and-vs-mediation/ [Accessed on: 07/09/17] Doherty, N., and Guyler, M. (2008) The Essential Guide to Workplace Mediation and Conflict Resolution: Rebuilding Working Relationships. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Durn, J., and Corral, A. (2016) Employee involvement and participation at work: Recent research and policy developments revisited. [Online] Euro Fund. Available from: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/articles/working-conditions-industrial-relations/employee-involvement-and-participation-at-work-recent-research-and-policy-developments-revisited [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Expat. (2017) The labor market in Qatar. [Online] Expat. Available from: https://www.expat.com/en/guide/middle-east/qatar/1362-the-labor-market-in-qatar.html [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Foot, M., and Hook, C. (2008) Introducing Human Resource Management. 5th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited , pp.70-71. Gulf News. (2015) Reform ofQatar labour law to take effect in December 2016. [Online] Gulf News. Available from: https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/qatar/reform-of-qatar-labour-law-to-take-effect-in-december-2016-1.1643412 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Gulf Times. (2011) Qatar to enhance data system on labour market. [Online] ME Business Wire Ltd. Available from: https://www.qatarisbooming.com/article/qatar-enhance-data-system-labour-market [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Gulf Times. (2016) Kafala system abolished, new law ensures worker rights. [Online] Gulf Times. Available from: https://www.gulf-times.com/story/524449/Kafala-system-abolished-new-law-ensures-worker-rig [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Heathfield, S.M. (2016) Workplace Conflict Resolution. [Online] The Balance. Available from: https://www.thebalance.com/workplace-conflict-resolution-1918675 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Kemp, K. (2016) Qatar: Kafala system officially "abolished". [Online] ITP Digital Media Inc. Available from: https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-41223-qatar-kafala-system-officially-abolished/ [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Kersley, B., Alpin, C., and Forth, J. (2013) Inside the Workplace: Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. Oxon: Routledge. Nandos. (2017) Our Menu. [Online] Nandos. Available from: https://www.nandosperiperi.com/eat/menu [Accessed on: 22/08/17] O'Toole, J., and Mayer, D. (2013) Good Business: Exercising Effective and Ethical Leadership. Oxon: Routledge. Raines, S.S. (2012) Conflict Management for Managers: Resolving Workplace, Client, and Policy Disputes. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Roche, W.K., Teague, P., and Colvin, A.J.S. (2014) The Oxford Handbook of Conflict Management in Organizations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Russell, L., and Russell, J. (2010) Engage Your Workforce: Infoline. USA: American Society for Training and Development. Scott, V. (2014) Workplace Conflict Resolution Essentials For Dummies. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Soman, R. (2013) Expatriates constitute 94% of the labour market in Qatar. [Online] BQ Magazine. Available from: https://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/2013/09/expatriates-constitute-94-of-the-labour-market-in-qatar [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Surbhi, S. (2016) Difference Between Arbitration and Conciliation. [Online] Key Difference. Available from: https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-arbitration-and-conciliation.html [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Toumi, H. (2011) Qatar's foreign workers overwhelm labour market. [Online] Gulf News. Available from: https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/qatar/qatar-s-foreign-workers-overwhelm-labour-market-1.917667 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Welcome Qatar. (2015) Medina Centrales famous restaurants. [Online] Welcome Qatar. Available from: https://welcomeqatar.com/news/qatar-news/medina-centrales-famous-restaurants/ [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Willock, R. (2016) FIFA looks for Qatar hotel to host World Cup teams. [Online] Arabian Industry. Available from: https://www.arabianindustry.com/hospitality/qatar/news/2016/mar/24/fifa-looks-for-qatar-hotel-to-host-world-cup-teams-5330936/ [Accessed on: 22/08/17] BBC. (2016) Qatar abolishes controversial 'kafala' labour system. [Online] BBC. Available from: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-middle-east-38298393 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Bel-Air, F.D. (2014) Demography, Migration, and Labour Market in Qatar. [Online] Gulf Research Centre. Available from: https://cadmus.eui.eu/bitstream/handle/1814/32431/GLMM_ExpNote_08-2014.pdf?sequence=1 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Bisk. (2017) 6 Simple Workplace Conflict Resolution Techniques. [Online] University of Norte Dame. Available from: https://www.notredameonline.com/resources/negotiations/6-simple-workplace-conflict-resolution-techniques/#.WZv7Vz4jHIU [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Bridger, E. (2014) Employee Engagement. London: Kogan Page Limited Crawshaw, J., Budhwar, P., and Davis, A. (2014) Human Resource Management: Strategic and International Perspectives. London: Sage Publications Ltd. DesJardins, J.R. and McCall, J.J. (2014) Contemporary Issues in Business Ethics. 6th ed. Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning. Difference Between. (2012) Difference Between Conciliation and Mediation. [Online] Difference Between. Available from: https://www.differencebetween.com/difference-between-conciliation-and-vs-mediation/ [Accessed on: 07/09/17] Doherty, N., and Guyler, M. (2008) The Essential Guide to Workplace Mediation and Conflict Resolution: Rebuilding Working Relationships. London: Kogan Page Publishers. Dowling, P., Festing, M., and Engle, A.D. (2008) International Human Resource Management: Managing People in a Multinational Context. 5th ed. Victoria: Thomson Learning. DuBrin, A.J. (2008) Essentials of Management. 8th ed. Mason, OH: South-Western Cengage Learning. Durn, J., and Corral, A. (2016) Employee involvement and participation at work: Recent research and policy developments revisited. [Online] Euro Fund. Available from: https://www.eurofound.europa.eu/observatories/eurwork/articles/working-conditions-industrial-relations/employee-involvement-and-participation-at-work-recent-research-and-policy-developments-revisited [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Expat. (2017) The labor market in Qatar. [Online] Expat. Available from: https://www.expat.com/en/guide/middle-east/qatar/1362-the-labor-market-in-qatar.html [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Foot, M., and Hook, C. (2008) Introducing Human Resource Management. 5th ed. Harlow: Pearson Education Limited , pp.70-71. Garner, E. (2012) Teambuilding. London: Bookboon. Gulf News. (2015) Reform of Qatar labour law to take effect in December 2016. [Online] Gulf News. Available from: https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/qatar/reform-of-qatar-labour-law-to-take-effect-in-december-2016-1.1643412 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Gulf Times. (2011) Qatar to enhance data system on labour market. [Online] ME Business Wire Ltd. Available from: https://www.qatarisbooming.com/article/qatar-enhance-data-system-labour-market [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Gulf Times. (2016) Kafala system abolished, new law ensures worker rights. [Online] Gulf Times. Available from: https://www.gulf-times.com/story/524449/Kafala-system-abolished-new-law-ensures-worker-rig [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Heathfield, S.M. (2016) Workplace Conflict Resolution. [Online] The Balance. Available from: https://www.thebalance.com/workplace-conflict-resolution-1918675 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Kemp, K. (2016) Qatar: Kafala system officially "abolished". [Online] ITP Digital Media Inc. Available from: https://www.constructionweekonline.com/article-41223-qatar-kafala-system-officially-abolished/ [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Kersley, B., Alpin, C., and Forth, J. (2013) Inside the Workplace: Findings from the 2004 Workplace Employment Relations Survey. Oxon: Routledge. Maslow, A.H. (2013) Toward a Psychology of Being. US: Start Publishing. Nandos. (2017) Our Menu. [Online] Nandos. Available from: https://www.nandosperiperi.com/eat/menu [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Nolan-Haley, J.M. (2013) Alternative Dispute Resolution in a Nutshell. 4th ed. Minnesota: West Academic. O'Toole, J., and Mayer, D. (2013) Good Business: Exercising Effective and Ethical Leadership. Oxon: Routledge. Page, M. (2015) 5 ways to boost employee engagement. [Online] Michael Page. Available from: https://www.michaelpage.co.in/advice/management-advice/engagement-and-retention/5-ways-boost-employee-engagement [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Price, A. (2011) Human Resource Management. 4th ed. Hampshire: Cengage Learning FEMA. Raines, S.S. (2012) Conflict Management for Managers: Resolving Workplace, Client, and Policy Disputes. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Roche, W.K., Teague, P., and Colvin, A.J.S. (2014) The Oxford Handbook of Conflict Management in Organizations. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Russell, L., and Russell, J. (2010) Engage Your Workforce: Infoline. USA: American Society for Training and Development. Scott, V. (2014) Workplace Conflict Resolution Essentials For Dummies. West Sussex: John Wiley Sons. Soman, R. (2013) Expatriates constitute 94% of the labour market in Qatar. [Online] BQ Magazine. Available from: https://www.bq-magazine.com/economy/2013/09/expatriates-constitute-94-of-the-labour-market-in-qatar [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Surbhi, S. (2016) Difference Between Arbitration and Conciliation. [Online] Key Difference. Available from: https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-arbitration-and-conciliation.html [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Toumi, H. (2011) Qatar's foreign workers overwhelm labour market. [Online] Gulf News. Available from: https://gulfnews.com/news/gulf/qatar/qatar-s-foreign-workers-overwhelm-labour-market-1.917667 [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Welcome Qatar. (2015) Medina Centrales famous restaurants. [Online] Welcome Qatar. Available from: https://welcomeqatar.com/news/qatar-news/medina-centrales-famous-restaurants/ [Accessed on: 22/08/17] Willock, R. (2016) FIFA looks for Qatar hotel to host World Cup teams. [Online] Arabian Industry. Available from: https://www.arabianindustry.com/hospitality/qatar/news/2016/mar/24/fifa-looks-for-qatar-hotel-to-host-world-cup-teams-5330936/ [Accessed on: 22/08/17]

Pre-Trip Inspections Essay Essay Example

Pre-Trip Inspections Essay Essay Road accident is a major security concern in the main roads. There are several causes of route accidents but the unexpected events in our roads are ever blamed on the driver. This is because it is assumed that the driver is in full control over the vehicle. However. the major causes of route slaughter in any portion of the universe include mechanical jobs and failures in the vehicle. bad main road designs. unequal route care or foolhardy drive or a combination. It is unfortunate to observe that despite the high figure of people diing on the roads. the route accidents can be prevented to some degree. We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-Trip Inspections Essay specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-Trip Inspections Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Pre-Trip Inspections Essay specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Department of Transport every bit good as the jurisprudence enforcement bureaus has made several efforts to implement traffic regulations in order to cut down the figure of route slaughter and related deceases. One of these steps has been the debut of pre-trip review. This paper will analyse the different facets and importance of pre-trip review as a safety step. Pre-Trip Inspection The pre-trip reviews are compulsory demand by the Department of Transport as one of the steps to cut down route slaughter. However. this regulation is one of the most profaned regulations by commercial vehicle drivers today. Furthermore. bulk of the members of the populace are incognizant of these demands. Majority believes that a pre-trip review is an review done by the driver before he or she gets behind the wheel but that is non true. All commercial vehicle drivers are required by the jurisprudence to transport out and log a pre-trip and post-trip review as stipulated in the Highway Traffic Act. A commercial vehicle is designated as any vehicle deliberation over four and half tones. a public service vehicle with a capacity greater than eleven including the driver or a school coach. Pre-trip review of commercial vehicles is carried out by the driver before the first trip every twenty-four hours. In some instances. one trip may take several yearss. In such instances. the pre-trip review must be done before the trip starts and subsequent reviews should be done non later that each remainder halt ( Broemsen. 2009 ) . The review demands by the Department of Transport require that the driver of a commercial vehicle should be satisfied that the vehicle is in good operating status before the start of the trip. The driver can merely be assured of the safety of the vehicle on the route if he or she reviews the last driver study on the status of the vehicle. The driver is expected to subscribe the study to bespeak that he reviewed the study and all the reported mechanical mistakes have been repaired. A commercial vehicle driver can merely be satisfied that the vehicle is in good working status if all the indispensable accoutrements of the vehicle are in order. This includes the brakes. brakes connexions. manus brakes. maneuvering wheel. headlamps. signals. wipers. driving mirrors. tyres and matching devices. Some of these accoutrements such as mirrors need to be checked any clip during the trip whenever the vehicle is parked ( Federal Register. 2006 ) . Safety of the vehicle. lading. the driver and other route users is an of import ground why the Department of Transport enforces pre-trip review. The jurisprudence therefore requires the truck driver to guarantee that all the exigency equipments are in order during the review. The driver is considered to hold committed traffic offense incase he or she fails to utilize the exigency equipment whenever there is demand. Many commercial vehicles are involved in the transit of lading. Inspection of the lading on board and the lading security system is of import before the start of the trip. The thrust should guarantee that the weight of the lading is good distributed and the security devices are in order ( Federal Register. 2006 ) . Different organisation or conveyance companies may hold different policies to better the safety and care of their commercial vehicles. Regardless of such policies. the Department of Transport requires that the driver must determine that the vehicle is in good running status before the start of the first trip. The Highway Traffic Act requires that the driver present a legible written study to the necessary authorization after the trip review. However. this is seldom done. The study should incorporate the description of the vehicle such as the home base figure. the dawdler towed or the unit figure depending on the organization’s policies. The day of the month of review and the mechanical defects noted if any should besides be recorded on the study. In instances where there are no defects or safety concern that have been noted by the driver. he or she is expected to do a statement to that consequence. The study is valid with the signature and name of the driver or the person who was responsible for the review ( Broemsen. 2009 ) . If the driver or the inspector detects or suspects any defect or safety concern. he or she should describe to the relevant authorization in conformity with the organisation or company policies. However. if the defect noted is of sensible safety concern. this should be reported instantly and the relevant steps to rectify the job be taken before the trip can get down. The jurisprudence farther requires that a driver of any commercial vehicle should hold the current transcript of the review study of the vehicle and the dawdler if any at all clip. The advantages of such pre-trip can non be underestimated. Checking the conditions of the vehicle before the start of the trip is cost effectual and increases safety. This is as a consequence of decreased holds as a consequence of dislocations which save on the cost every bit good as important decrease of accidents in the roads as a consequence of mechanical jobs that can easy be rectified before the start of the trip. By following the systematic process of review provided by the section of conveyance. the driver or inspector will transport out an effectual review within a really short clip ( Sulek. 2005 ) . A commercial vehicle such as a truck tractor can cover 1000s of stat mis without dislocations or doing sensible holds to the driver if it is taken attention of decently. Pre-trip review is one of the basic processs that are recommended for proper attention of the vehicle. The basic importance of this review is the cost saved by the conveyance company or the organisation if the guidelines are followed to the latter. Inspection ensures that the investing of the company is protected and the live of the drivers every bit good as other route users are non at hazard. Effective review ensures that common booby traps associated with the conveyance industry which are by and large expensive are avoided which saves on the running cost ( Broemsen. 2009 ) . In any conveyance concern. the greatest cost incurred by the proprietors is the care cost. It is dearly-won for the proprietor of the commercial vehicle to replace worn out parts every bit good as paying the cost of fix. The cost is much higher when the concern lost during unneeded dislocations is considered. Every clip a commercial vehicle is out of the route as a consequence of dislocations that can be avoided. the truck proprietor loses money. This in many instances leads to interrupt of the full concern in the long tally due to the associated loses. Any experient commercial vehicle driver or proprietor is cognizant of the fact that preventative steps are really of import in commercial vehicles operations if they have to remain in concern and do net income. This is true even without sing the increased safety as a consequence of timely review of the vehicles ( Sulek. 2005 ) . It is apparent that effectual pre-trip review prevents the happening of accidents and dislocations. It is considerable safer and cost effectual to mend a minor mistake detected during review that mending a monolithic dislocation on the route which may be associated with other uncalled for costs such as accidents and incommodiousnesss. Pre-trip review gives the driver the assurance in the conditions of the vehicle and the likeliness of being involved in accident as a consequence of mechanical dislocation is reduced significantly. It is estimated that bulk of accidents affecting commercial vehicles are as a consequence of mechanical dislocations and can easy be avoided by review to observe the lack before the start of the trip ( Sulek. 2005 ) . Following the pre-trip review guidelines for all commercial vehicles is hence non of import merely because it is a legal demand but is an of import process that ensures that the investing. the driver and other route users are safe. It saves on cost every bit good as lives. The commercial vehicle driver driving a faulty vehicle wittingly or unwittingly should be cognizant of the fact that he or she portions the route with other automobilists and walkers and is seting their lives at hazard ( Broemsen. 2009 ) . In a nutshell. it is a traffic offense punishable by the jurisprudence for any commercial vehicle driver to drive on the route holding non conducted the pre-trip review as stipulated in the Department of Transport counsel. The driver is apt for prosecution in a tribunal of jurisprudence if he is found driving a commercial vehicle without a transcript of the review sheet. However. as stated earlier. this is one of the most profaned compulsory ordinances in the traffic regulations and the jurisprudence hatchet mans do non see this jurisprudence every bit of import as it is expected. It is of import to observe that during the pre-trip review. the driver has over two 100 things to look into on the commercial vehicle if the review has to be effectual. This is non to state that the pre-trip review is likely to take the better portion of the driver’s twenty-four hours. The review can take less than 30 proceedingss which is much less compared to the cost of the safety hazards and dislocations incase it is non done. Even an extended review by the relevant authorization ever takes less than one hr and includes mechanical review every bit good as review of the drivers report among other things ( Broemsen. 2009 ) . One of the most of import facets the driver needs to look into is the conditions of the Surs. Cost related to tyres’ jobs is the largest individual dislocation disbursal in conveyance concern. It accounts for more than a 3rd of the care cost of commercial vehicles. It is hence really of import for the driver to pass considerable sum of clip guaranting that the Surs are in good working status before the start of the trip and during the trip whenever the vehicle is parked. Nine out of 10 commercial vehicles dislocations are caused by under hyperbolic Surs ( Federal Register. 2006 ) . Under hyperbolic Surs besides contribute to cut down lifetime of the Sur by up to a 3rd. Under hyperbolic Surs are besides responsible for fuel inefficiency and heat buildup. The driver should besides inspect the Sur togss. tear and wear which is irregular and clefts and take the necessary steps. Proper working Surs guarantee the cost of dislocations is decreased and safety is enhanced ( Federal Register. 2006 ) . Brake failure is a major cause of accident in both commercial and non commercial vehicles. Checking the interrupting systems on a regular basis is hence an of import facet of commercial vehicle review. The criterion every bit good as the parking brakes should be in good on the job conditions before the driver is satisfied to get down the day’s trip. The sum of liner should be sensible and the systems should be maintained in conformity with the guidelines. This counsel requires the driver to look into that the force per unit area systems are in good working status including the rate of gas linkage. The rate of force per unit area build up and low force per unit area sensing systems should be proper in order to give timely dismay. However. the most important cheque for the interruption systems is the fluid leakages. This is the first and most of import review a commercial vehicle driver needs to look into which can be easy noticed by fluids on the land around the vehicle. This should be followed by look intoing the coolants. fluids and oil degree in the goon ( Federal Register. 2006 ) . It is of import to guarantee that all the gages such as temperature. force per unit area. fuel and oil gages are in good on the job status. No driver in his right head can bury to look into the fuel degree instantly after turning on the vehicle. Checking the electric systems of the vehicle is an every bit of import facet of vehicle review to determine safety. The warning visible radiations. turning signals. brake signals. headlamps every bit good as the doorbells should be in good order to avoid uncalled for minor accidents due to hapless communicating with other drivers on the route. In general. the full electric constituent of vehicle should be in good on the job status. Frayed or lose wires are safety jeopardies because they can be easy exposed and possible cause fire as a consequence of short-circuiting which may be really hazardous particularly if the lading in extremely inflammable ( Federal Register. 2006 ) . Decision Due to the big figure of route slaughter in the roads affecting commercial vehicles. for the safety of the investing. the lading or riders. the driver and other route users. it is of import to guarantee that all safety steps are taken. One of the most of import safety steps is to guarantee that the vehicle is in good on the job status. The driver demand to guarantee that the truck has no mechanical mistakes by conductivity a pre-trip review. This is a demand by the jurisprudence though it is one of the most profaned mandatary traffic Torahs. Reference Broemsen. M. ( 2009 ) . Commercial Truck Maintenance: The Importance of a Pre-Trip Inspection. retrieved on 10th May 2010 from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www. goarticles. com/cgi-bin/showa. cgi? C=1598113. Federal Register ( 2006 ) . Title 49 – Transportation system: Department of Transportation Parts 300 – 399. ISBN 1577857763. ProStar Publications. Sulek. J. M. A ; Lind. M. R. ( 2005 ) . â€Å"Fail-Safe Methods for Paratransit Safety. † Journal of Public Transportation. Vol. 8. No. 4. pp 65-66

Academic integrity Essay Example

Academic integrity Essay Example Academic integrity Essay Academic integrity Essay Academic Integrity What is the importance of writing, both academically and professionally? The importance of writing, both academically and professionally is to be able to communicate your thoughts properly to everyone whom you communicate with. I believe being able to write academically give you the foundation in which you are going to use when you write professionally. When you write professionally its important to be able to communicate to co-workers as well as potential clients. I feel hey are both important in the sense they help you communicate to your peers, colleagues and everyone else in an effective manner through email, letters and corporate memos. Why is integrity important in writing? I think integrity is important for writing in academics. Being able to submit a paper or essay with the confidence your work is completely honest is a great feeling. I feel being honest in your writing gives others a reason to trust you and inform others you are responsible. I feel if these characteristics are shown in your writing they also show the kind of character you have as a person. These traits can prove toa teacher, administration, school and employer you are worthy of being a part of their organization. The value of having integrity is something you will carry with you not only in school, but also in other phases of your life. How can you avoid plagiarism? There are few ways you can avoid plagiarism. One way is to be honest to submit your wn work and not someone elses. Another way is to ensure you are giving credit to the resources you have used to gather and state your facts. If you properly post your citations, references and paraphrases this will help you in a huge way. Another way is to ensure the information you are using for your facts are also accurate and provide by a reliable sources. Ensure the information you are basing your paper is an accredited institution. Academic integrity By brianayala

Masters in Business Administration, Executive Program at Loyola Univer Essay

Masters in Business Administration, Executive Program at Loyola University - Essay Example I have had close to a decade of experiences in this area using my talents as an engineer and administrator and I have had to make decisions that have been crucial to realizing successful business transactions. By obtaining an MBA at Loyola University, will give me ample information gathered by national and international experts and it will give me the opportunity to make decisions based on others ´ experiences that have lead to positive and negative results. In doing so, I will be in a position to apply strategies and methodologies learnt from academia to make successful business transactions. I see myself collaborating with others to make these business transactions a fruitful benefit for all of those involved in the business transactions. I want to be part of the MBA program at Loyola University and become actively involved in working independently and working as part of a team to research cases and brainstorm ideas of why some businesses failed while others succeeded. Having this opportunity will give me a chance to work positively on projects, continue the networking processes with classmates, professors, and future corporations and make contributions that will help them acquire successful business results. At this point in my life, I am interested in advancing to the next level of my career. At the moment I am a Project Engineer. I want to continue managing projects that are related to engineering and administration on a national and international basis. I have strategically planned my life’s goals and objectives and this is one more I wish to accomplish. I plan to pursue projects that are demanding in essence and will make changes in the way they have been operating in the present, using my experiences and the knowledge that I will obtain from the Executive Program. I realize that an MBA from Loyola University will give me the skills I will need to become a successful engineer as an executive. It will give me the necessary tools for communication and the necessary leadership skills to succeed in my life endeavours.  

Development Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Development Economics - Essay Example Conversely, macroeconomics is a broader view of economy and its effect is identified in the entire nation and in the international market as a whole. Besides, it is the analysis of a country’s economic performance and structure along with the government policies affecting the economic condition (McConnell & et al., 2009). In many developing nations, economic issues faced by the inhabitants of a society and a business are in terms of distribution of scared resources. Inequity and development is the key issues in any economy in which inequity refers to differences in income or wealth, consumption and other variable that are related to the social welfare. In this context, inequity has emerged as the central problem for every economy that threatens the upward mobility of a nation (Chilosi, 2010). Correspondingly, the essay highlights the development issue in relation to the high level of inequity problem in an economy. The most possible effect of inequality in the development along with the possible remedial measure to eradicate the inequality will also be discussed. Furthermore, the analysis helps to have a better understanding about the economic issue of inequality and its possible impact on the economic development of the nations. The concept of inequality is based on a multidimensional approach that refers to the comparability of elements. This comparability is done between specific characteristics, which are measure with adequate indices and indexes. Difficulty arises when the concept are been framed in the societal context, which ultimately creates economic problem. As stated above, the concept of inequality is related to the differences in income, consumption and other components of social welfares. In some of the nations, top earners enjoy larger part of overall distribution of wealth and gains, whereas the others are having little shares. Growing level of

Nokia Marketing Plan for Smartphone Research Paper

Nokia Marketing Plan for Smartphone - Research Paper Example The launch of Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) marked a new era of mobile phone communication in 1981. Nokia took some bold initiatives during those days with the launch of first car phone, and it's been a competitive journey ever since. Year 2010 may well prove to be happening year for Nokia on account of; Its recent alliance with Shanghai New Alliance, a Chinese investment company, with an intention to offer mobile services in China. It is worthwhile here to mention that China is projected to be the biggest market of communication gadgets in times to come (TMC News, 2009). Smartphones are the latest additions to the mobile telephony. These are the advanced versions which tend to breach the dividing line between a computer and a mobile phone. With a Smartphone we can add on applications to it to enhance performance, for additional entertainment such as games and movie viewing, for better connectivity or even for better data processing. Continuing with the trend of being innovative and competitive Nokia was able to become a market leader in mobile phone manufacturing by 19982. With the convergence of technologies, Nokia started the journey towards the smarter era, with the acquisition of Symbian in 2004 and subsequently the company reorganised itself into four business segments namely, mobile phones, multimedia, enterprise solutions and networks so that the company can align its structure with the futuristic strategies (Datamonitor, 2009). The Smartphone is the latest trend in technology which intends to pack as many features as possible in the smallest possible handheld device, for usages as diverse as a TV receiver to a mini computer. Therefore, the coming years belong to smarter devices and with alternatives like Apple iPhone, Google's Nexus and many more, the competition seems to become a fierce one. As Nokia has the advantage of being an established name in all major markets around the world, it becomes easier for the company to plan out strategies for marketing its range of Smartphones. By December 2008 Nokia reported revenues worth $74,611.7 million. Having footprints in more than 130 countries, Nokia today employees more than 125,000 people at different locations3. Company's vision and strategy statement says4, "Nokia's strategy is to build trusted consumer relationships by offering compelling and valued consumer solutions that combine beautiful devices with context enriched services." With production units in different parts of the world strategically located in Brazil, China, Finland, Great Britain, Hungary, India, Mexic o, Romania, and South Korea, Nokia is in a position to leverage the economies of location and scale. Whenever the company finds that its operations are not able to deliver in any of its production facilities due to some local or regional problems, it can get the other production facilities in action to make up for the losses. While devising

Perceptions of Reading for Pleasure in Boys Methodology

Perceptions of Reading for Pleasure in Boys Methodology Methodology. Design approach To address the challenge of boys perceptions of reading for pleasure and referring to relevant literature, I decided to approach the research using triangulation so that cross examination of findings could be achieved within a relatively short space of time. A mixed method research approach was used to answer my research question so that in carrying out a questionnaire, follow up interviews and observations could take place to answer further underlying causes and questions. Cresswell at al. (1993) describes the mixed method approach as collecting, analysing and integrating both qualitative and quantitative data through a single or multiple studies. In doing this Kettley (2012) writes that it allows for the analysis of both patterns and causes of behaviour which can heighten the reliability of results. However, Laws (2003) challenges this view, stating that a variety different research perspectives may not match tidily as there could be contrast and conflict between findings. Laws (20 03) recommends that a researcher should critically analyse any contrasts in findings so to make meaning from them. What researchers have used it- why is it good Triangulation- what is it (ive used this method but show some insight) Sampling-300 words Morse and Niehaus (2009) observe that sampling methods are intended to maximise the efficiency and validity of research results. This research involved using a purposeful sample, a technique which is widely used so that individuals or groups of participants are especially knowledgeable or experienced in ones line of inquiry (Palinkas et al., 2013). For this research, two year three classes both from independent schools were chosen to explore the challenge of boys reading for pleasure. My main interest for this research was to see how perceptions of reading differed between classes which had members that were thought to read more for pleasure (such as in a mixed setting) in comparison to a class where the class was all boys and were stereotyped to be disinterested to read in their free time. These schools were chosen as the number of boys in each year group were similar and were of contrast in terms of single sex or mixed. Both schools were from the same county of Oxfordshire, and all members of staff in each year group were female. The two groups of pupils were, although determined on school establishment type, not based on predetermined viewpoints on reading for pleasure. Patton (2002) highlights that the use of a purposeful sample is to capture major variations through the analysis of results rather than to identify a common core. Due to the lack of single sex primary schools, a private mixed school was chosen as the contrast so that in terms of types of schools these were the same. If I were to carry out this research again, I would involve more single sex and mixed schools in my research so that my results were not generalised Observation Observational data is an attractive form of data collection as it allows the researcher to gather evidence from real-life situations (Cohen et al., 2000). At the beginning of each week in the schools, I observed the children in their learning environment, concentrating especially on the daily routine and how English was taught. I chose to use observations as one of my research methods as it allows you direct access to social interactions which can be of focus to the research interest (Simpson and Tuson, 1995) whilst also viewing and analysing the physical, human, interactional and programme setting (Cohen at al., 2000). Using a semi-structured observation approach allowed me to immerse myself in the situation so that I could understand how reading for pleasure was promoted within the classroom and how children reacted to reading in the classroom environment. As I was comparing two different year groups from different schools, using the unstructured approach allowed for elements of th e observational situation speak for themselves, rather than preparing an observation schedule (Cohen et al., 2000). Thomas (2009) states that although an unstructured observation may be easier in comparison to structured, it involves a great deal of preparatory work so that one is able to become part of the situation and requires sensitivity, thought and commitment to analyse the findings meaningfully. Punch (1998) highlights other difficulties stating that in terms of recording data, the flexible nature of observational methods, the recording of data can potentially become flexible also. To overcome this potential barrier, simply noted characteristics from each category in terms of the physical environment, the links to literacy in lessons, childrens behaviour and finally teachers strategies. All observational methods have advantages and disadvantages, however with careful preparation, they can be powerful tools in gaining valuable research evidence. Questionnaire A questionnaire was decided to be used to find out the childrens viewpoints on reading for pleasure, as well finding out what other hobbies they like to do in their free time and how often they engaged in reading for pleasure in their free time. Gray (2004) recommends that questionnaires are used when working with a large audience where standardised questions are required. Using questionnaires as a research method allows an analytical approach which can be used to explore relationships between variables. Gillham (2000) highlights that there are a few advantageous aspects of a questionnaires which has led to it being a popular choice of research method. Some of these factors include low cost, quick data retrieval and the fact that questionnaires can be sent to a large scale of people in little time. Gillham (2000) also highlights that anonymity can be assured whilst using a questionnaire however he also points out that on a small scale, researchers may be aware of characteristics of r espondents and therefore able to identify answers based on a character profile. Like many research methods, questionnaires have their drawbacks. Gillham (2000) advises that if a questionnaire is to be intrinsically motivating for participants, the length should range between four and six pages. Robson (2011) further highlights that the motivation of a participant could affect the data leading to a less valid result. To overcome these barriers, I chose 12 questions, many of which were closed questions which required little thinking time. Two open questions were used to find out their view point on why they enjoyed or disliked reading, and what would motivate them to read more for pleasure. Due to the anonymity of questionnaires, researchers are unable to identify misleading or flippant answers, and if no further follow-up observations or interviews are involved, researchers may not be able to detect true representations. As I used two other research methods alongside questionnaires, I was able to identify a more valid representation of children and teachers viewp oints in comparison to just using one method alone. Using the same standardised questions which have been piloted and altered if necessary, it is possible to gain a high reliability of response (Robson, 2011). Prior to the research taking place, I emailed the questionnaires to both schools and tested the questions for clarity with an external 8-year-old boy so that the questions were clear and the vocabulary was age appropriate. Interview I decided to use semi structured interviews with both the teachers of year three from both schools and a selection of 4 boys who were deemed reluctant readers by their teachers. This was so that my research could be further supported and a deeper understanding of both teachers and boys could be achieved. Arksey and Knight (1999) comment that the method of interviewing allows participants to express their feelings and perceptions of the world around them. This further agreed by Cohen and Marion (1997) highlighting that one of the fundamental reasons for using interviews as part of a research approach is to gather information on an individuals knowledge, value and attitude which can be used in conjunction with other methods such as a survey. These interviews were undertaken after they had completed the questionnaire, so that I was able to gain more insight into what motivated boys to read in the classroom and at home, and what would motivate them further to read for pleasure. Although the questions for each student was the same, a semi-structured approach was used so that answers could be clarified further and I could gain a more transparent understanding. Using semi structured interviews when researching childrens viewpoints is ideal, especially when used alongside child-friendly language and meeting in places in which the child is familiar with (Graham et al., 2012). Each class teacher was also questioned on which strategies they used to promote reading for pleasure. As half of the teachers were from the mixed school, the questions were worded slightly differently as I wanted to find out how they motivated the boys. All of the interviews with each student was recorded rather than making notes on what was being said. This was so that I could concentrate on their body language and verbal response at the same time rather than concentrating primarily on just verbal feedback. It has been reported that taking notes during an interview can distract the interviewer from the focus of the conversation which can result in a loss of critical information (Britten, 1995) therefore using a high quality recorder alongside note taking on the participants body language and emotions can significantly decrease the likelihood of error or misconceptions during data analysis (Fernandez and Griffiths, 2007). As the majority of the interviews were with the children, it was important that the children could see that I had their full attention, and that by listening to what they had to say we were showing respect (McCrum and Hughes, 1998). A researcher needs to be aware that not all respondents may be willing to participa te in an interview, and if uncomfortable about the interview being recorded may inhibit honest responses (Bell, 2010). Prior to each interview, the children were asked about whether they would be willing to take part, and were assured that all information would be purely for research purposes and kept anonymous. Speer and Hutchby (2003) see this as an essential part of social sciences, so that a researcher can investigate impeccably what a participant is doing whilst they are being recorded. Using semi structured interviews allows for further probing of opinions and view when it is ideal that individuals answers are expanded upon (Gray, 2004). Ethics Due to the nature of this research being held in two schools involving students, ethics was taken into consideration prior to any research taking place. It has been highlighted that children from an early age are able to speak for themselves on a range of experiences, their views and their surrounding environment (James, Jenks and Prout, 1998) therefore if they are to be directly involved in research, they should be made aware of what is to be expected and the option whether participate or not (Cohen and Emmanuel, 1998). Prior to any research taking place, I emailed both schools stating the aims of the research and what information I was wanting from each child. Once in the school, informal meeting were arranged with the Heads of school, so that no further consent from the childrens parents was needed. UK Data Protection Act ? (1988)? How could my sample have been better? Bigger sample size in terms of using more than one single sex school and one mixed school Using state schools as well as private schools How was the quality of data? References: Arksey, H. and Knight, P. (1999) Interviewing for Social Scientists. London: SAGE Bell, J. (2010) Doing your research project: A guide for first-time researchers in education, health and social science. 5th edn. Maidenhead: McGraw-Hill Professional Publishing. Britten, N. (1995) Qualitative research: Qualitative interviews in medical research. British Medical Journal, 311(6999), pp. 251-253 Cohen, J. and Emmanuel, J. (1998) Positive Participation: Consulting and Involving Young People in Health Related Work. London: Health Education Authority. Cohen, L., Manion, L., Morrison, K. and Cohen, P.L. (2000) Research methods in education. 5th edn. London: Taylor Francis. Fernandez, R.S. and Griffiths, R. (2007) Portable MP3 players: Innovative devices for recording qualitative interviews. Nurse Researcher. 15(1), pp.7-15 Gillham, B (2000) Developing a Questionnaire. London: Continuum. Graham, A., Powell, M.A., Fitzgerald, R., Taylor, N.J and Moulat, B. (2012) Draft Ethical Research Involving Children. International Charter and Guidelines. Florence: UNICEF, Office for Research. Innocenti Kettley, N.C. (2012) Theory building in educational research. London: Continuum International Pub. Group. Laws,S.D., Harper, C. and Marcus, R. (2003) Research for development: A practical guide. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications. Morse, J.M. and Niehaus, L. (2009) in Kettley, N.C. (2012) Theory building in educational research. London. Continuum International Pub.Group. Palinkas, L.A., Horwitz, S.M., Green, C.A., Wisdom, K. (2013) Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Adminstration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), pp.533-544 Punch, K.F. (1998) Introduction to Social Research: Quantitative and Qualitative Approaches. London: Sage Publishing. Pages 184-90 Simpson, M. and Tuscan, J. (1995) Using observations in small-scale research: A beginners guide. Edingburgh: SCRE, The Scottish Council for Research in Education. Thomas, G. (2013) How to do your research project: A guide for students in education and applied social sciences. Los Angeles: SAGE Publications

Business Ethics :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Businesses have power through their ability to spend vast amounts of money. They have the ability to enhance or change situations that the common individual does not. As organizations affect many people, they have obligations to their employees, consumers, community and the world. They have a responsibility to conduct business in a way that is not harmful and which positively benefits as many people as possible and themselves. Although this sounds simple, it is "easier said than done!" as there will always be a conflict of interest between various groups of people. Any decisions made by businesses need to be made with an informed awareness of the specific situation and then act according to some sort of system of principals which is Business Ethics. What is Business Ethics? Business ethics is exactly the same as normal ethics, and that is knowing what is right or wrong, and learning what is right and what is wrong in a business environment. Then doing the right thing, but "the right thing" is not as straightforward as explained in many business ethics books. Most ethical dilemmas in the workplace are not simply a matter of "Should she steal from him?" or "Should he lie to his boss?" Businesses cannot function without ethics, why? Society dictates a set of rules and conformities and seeing as all businesses strive after common goals it means that these goals can only be achieved on the basis of standards, values and morals in society. It can be assumed that business life has to be called 'moral' as well. As in society, standards and values are spontaneously formed once people come that's when morals come into effect, and when businesses decide on implicit or explicit ways to achieve certain goals and then are agreed on. Businesses in general are working on the basis of an ethics that settles different interests. The standards and values within companies can be characterized as mutual respect. In this respect it is in everyone's interest, and is considering people as an end in themselves, not as a means, reciprocity and fairness. This ethics is passed down and filtered to a group of stakeholders who have an interest in the company. These parties usually are: personnel, customers, suppliers, subcontractors, shareholders, society and those who speak on behalf of the environment and future generations. Many ethicists say there's always a right thing to do based on moral principle, and others believe the right thing to do depends on the situation, ultimately it's up to the individual on w hat they do and on what they believe to be the "right" thing is.

Deviant Behaviour Essay

Deviant behaviour is any behaviour that does not conform to generally accepted social or cultural norms and expectations. Murder is a classic exemplar of extreme deviant behaviour as, according to the cultural norms of our society, killing another human being is unacceptable. There are many different theories on what provokes someone to commit a deviant act, including physiological explanations and psychological explanations. Deviance, in everyday language, is the act of being different from the popular belief, usually in a bad way. That being said, in order to understand and define a person’s behaviour we must first study the ultural norms of the society surrounding him. Norms vary across cultures and, in some situations, what is considered as deviant behaviour in a particular society and time may be seen as acceptable in another. For example, there was a time when it was a social norm for the ladies of the Western world to wear gloves in public but such an act would nowadays be considered as bizarre, unless the weather was cold. The determination of deviant behaviour depends on the general population or an individual. A common question is what triggers people to perform deviant behaviour. From the perspective of physiology, brain variations lead to expressions of deviance. They claim that genetically inherited characteristics such as chromosome abnormalities, chemical imbalances, vitamin deficiencies and hormonal differences make certain people naturally more prone to criminality. However, many sociologists tend to respond negatively to such theories. While there is some evidence to suggest that inheritance and the biochemistry of the brain may be factors in abnormal behaviours, biological factors on their own cannot interpret crime. On the other hand, psychologists are interested in the thought rocesses behind deviant behaviour. Some propose that early childhood socialization plays an important role in the personality the child will later develop. Others support Sigmund Freud’s (1856 – 1939) notion that crime can be an outcome of an imbalanced personality, caused by a failure to resolve the Oedipus or Electra complex. Each is resolved by the boy or the girl suppressing their sexual desires for their mother or father respectively. As with physiological theories, many sociologists have the tendency to criticize psychological theories as being unscientific, because he parts of the brain described by Fraud cannot be directly accessible to the researcher. In conclusion, sociologists have developed different theories as to why certain people develop such behaviours. Some cause this abnormality to genetic reasons and some to mental sickness. While there is little agreement amongst sociologists about what provokes deviant acts, one thing is certain; deviance is a relative concept and depends on the judger. There is no absolute way of defining a deviant act, as deviance is culturally determined and cultures change over time and diversify from society to society.

About Ground Beetles, of the Family Carabidae

About Ground Beetles, of the Family Carabidae Turn over a rock or log, and youll see dark, shiny beetles running for cover- ground beetles. This diverse group of predators are among the top 10 beneficial garden insects. Though hidden by day, at night the Carabids hunt and feed on some of our worst garden pests. Description The best way to get to know the ground beetles is to observe some up close. Since most are nocturnal, you can usually find them hiding under boards or stepping stones during the day. Try using a pitfall trap to collect a few, and check for the telltale Carabid characteristics. Most ground beetles are black and shiny, though some display metallic colors. In many Carabids, the elytra are grooved. Look at a ground beetles hind legs, and youll notice the first leg segments (the hips) extend backward  over the first abdominal segment. Threadlike antennae emerge from between the eyes and the jaws of the ground beetle. The pronotum is always wider than the area of the head where the eyes are present. Classification Kingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass:  InsectaOrder:  ColeopteraFamily: Carabidae Diet Nearly all ground beetles prey on other invertebrates. Some Carabids are specialized predators, feeding exclusively on one type of prey. A few ground beetles feed on plants or seeds, and others are omnivores. Life Cycle Like all beetles, Carabids undergo complete metamorphosis with four stages of development: egg, larva, pupa, and adult. The entire cycle, from egg to reaching reproductivity, takes a full year in most species. Ground beetles usually lay their eggs on the surface of the soil or cover their eggs with soil. In general, eggs take up to a week to hatch. Larvae go through 2-4 instars before reaching the pupal stage. Ground beetles which breed in the spring typically overwinter as adults. Carabids that breed during the summer months tend to overwinter as larvae, then finish their development to adults in the spring. Special Adaptations and Defenses Many ground beetles employ chemical defense systems to fend off attackers. When handled or threatened, they use abdominal glands to produce pungent odors. Some, like the bombardier beetles, can even make chemical compounds that burn on contact. Range and Distribution Ground beetles live in almost every terrestrial habitat on earth. Worldwide, about 40,000 species in the family Carabidae have been described and named. In North America, the ground beetles number well over 2,000.

Writing an Effective Thesis Statement

Writing an Effective Thesis Statement In this episode, we discuss the thesis statement, including what it is, how to write a strong thesis statement for your paper, and why its important. We also provide some helpful example if a thesis statement and how to narrow it down to make it stronger.Heres a quick summary of what we cover in this video:What Is a Thesis Statement?A thesis statement makes a debatable argumentIt is the culmination of your researchA thesis statement should answer a specific questionIt will always appear on the first page (and generally in the first paragraph)How Do You Write a Good Thesis Statement?Conduct detailed researchCreate a debatable argument that asserts an opinion and provides room for further analysisUse concise wording that narrows the focus for your thesis (a lengthy thesis statement will distract your reader)Why Does It Matter?A thesis statement can help us to learn to come to conclusionsCan answer questions on how and why something worksTeaches how to follow directions

Highlight the role and importance of HRM functions in achieving an Essay

Highlight the role and importance of HRM functions in achieving an organisation's purpose - Essay Example Professionals as a human resource are vied as important in any organization in its aim to achieve its objectives. For example, such multinationals as Standard Chartered Bank view its employees based on how they are important in achieving the strategic goals of the organization. In return, the organizations hold the human resources dear to it that it ensures that whenever any decision is to be made that is likely to affect the employees; they have to be consulted in order to come up with friendly policies. In a study commissioned by Michie and Sheehan-Quinn (2001), a survey of 200 manufacturing firms in the United Kingdom found that there is a close relationship between the performance of corporations and the human resource management strategies employed (Michie and Sheehan-Quinn 2001, pp.287-306). ... agement is great when coherent policies are employed together with great employment practices and they are applied as a package (Kelliher and Riley 2002, pp.237–242). Human Resource Management (HRM) at Standard Chartered Bank Human Resource Management is one of the most important factors critical to the successful running of an organization. This is because in the absence of a proper HRM program, there can be no clear vision for the organization and opportunities will be squandered and resources will be wasted as the full potential of the employees’ remain underutilized or untapped. Acquiring the right employees for an organization is important through good recruitment and selection processes is one way of having a solid foundation for the management of human resources in the organization. Standard Chartered Bank has employed numerous human resource management strategies in order to achieve its objectives. Employee Retention and Managing Diversity Standard Chartered Ban k aims at attracting and retaining the best talent in term of human resource at any given time. It is important to note that working for this bank accords an individual the opportunity to work in fifty-six countries that Standard Chartered Bank operates in and one can benefit from the banks valuable approach that manages people or employees by recognizing their values and thereby developing them on an individual’s talent and strengths. The bank is able to have a diverse work force that it harnesses from the countries it operates in by ensuring that the workforce is of diverse, multi-talented and representative of all the interests of the places it operates in. The motivation for this is to attract and harness the different strengths and talents brought about by different individuals that make them